Archive for January, 2025
Author: 
January 19th, 2025
A historical “uh-oh” space exploration moment in 2004 as the Genesis return capsule suddenly met Utah desert at nearly 200 miles per hour. Image credit: NASA
In the beginning…there was a thud. It was an unwanted sound and one that resonated around the world.
Think back over 20 years ago to September 8, 2004. That’s when NASA’s Genesis return sample capsule slammed into an isolated part of the U.S. Army’s Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. It was an unintended, full-stop, smashing occasion.
Image credit: NASA
But now, over two decades later, call it “late breaking” news.
For more information, go to my new Space.com story – “20 years after crashing in the Utah desert, NASA’s Genesis mission is still teaching us about solar wind” – at:
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Image credit: NASA
Posted in 
Image credit: SpaceX
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is requiring SpaceX to perform a mishap investigation into the loss of the Starship vehicle during launch operations on January 16.
“There are no reports of public injury, and the FAA is working with SpaceX and appropriate authorities to confirm reports of public property damage on Turks and Caicos.”
During the Starship 7 destructive event, the FAA activated a Debris Response Area and briefly slowed aircraft outside the area where space vehicle debris was falling or stopped aircraft at their departure location.
Starship 7 leftovers arc into the Atlantic near the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Image credit: Dean Olson
Several aircraft requested to divert due to low fuel levels while holding outside impacted areas, said the FAA in a statement, called preliminary and subject to change.
Root cause
As background, the FAA mishap investigation is designed to enhance public safety, determine the root cause of the event, and identify corrective actions to avoid it from happening again.
“The FAA will be involved in every step of the SpaceX-led mishap investigation process and must approve SpaceX’s final report, including any corrective actions,” the FAA stated. “A return to flight is based on the FAA determining that any system, process, or procedure related to the mishap does not affect public safety.”
Image credit: Mapcarta/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Sonic booms
In addition, the FAA noted that a Debris Response Area is activated “only if the space vehicle experiences an anomaly with debris falling outside of the identified closed aircraft hazard areas. It allows the FAA to direct aircraft to exit the area and prevent others from entering.”
Meanwhile, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) seismologists report that they recorded sonic booms caused by the explosion of SpaceX’s Starship rocket, which were strong enough to be felt in the Caribbean.
Image credit: JHU
Go to Scott Manley’s excellent and detailed video of the flight test at:
SpaceX’s New Starship Upgrade Puts On Amazing Show As Space Debris
Image credit: SpaceX
The seventh flight test of the SpaceX Starship took place on Thursday, January 16.
Departing from the SpaceX Starbase site in Texas, the Elon Musk “MAGA rocket” mission ended with the destruction of the Starship 7 test vehicle, with debris arcing into the Atlantic near the Turks and Caicos Islands.
The Super Heavy booster/Starship did separate with the booster returning to Starbase, A major milestone of the program was achieved for the second time as the Super Heavy booster was captured and cradled by the launch tower’s “chopstick” arms.
Image credit: SpaceX/Inside Outer Space
Preliminary indication
However, the flight of Starship 7 ran into difficulty, leading to its destruction.
Shortly after the failure, SpaceX chief rocketeer, Elon Musk posted this statement: “Preliminary indication is that we had an oxygen/fuel leak in the cavity above the ship engine firewall that was large enough to build pressure in excess of the vent capacity.”
Musk added that “apart from obviously double-checking for leaks, we will add fire suppression to that volume and probably increase vent area. Nothing so far suggests pushing next launch past next month.”
Starship 7 leftovers arc into the Atlantic near the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Image credit: Dean Olson
Assessing the operation
Regarding the Starship 7 reentry in the Caribbean, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) stated that airline traffic was delayed at Miami International and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International airports due to the rocket launch anomaly.
The FAA stated that it “briefly slowed and diverted aircraft around the area where space vehicle debris was falling” and is “assessing the operation.”
Rapid unscheduled disassembly
According to SpaceX, following stage separation, the Starship upper stage successfully lit all six Raptor engines and performed its ascent burn to space.
“Prior to the burn’s completion, telemetry was lost with the vehicle after approximately eight and a half minutes of flight. Initial data indicates a fire developed in the aft section of the ship, leading to a rapid unscheduled disassembly.”
In a post-launch announcement, SpaceX stated that the Starship flew within its designated launch corridor as intended, “to safeguard the public both on the ground, on water and in the air.”
Image credit: SpaceX
Debris hotline
As intended, any surviving Starship 7 debris were to have fallen into that designated hazard area, adding that “if you believe you have identified a piece of debris, please do not attempt to handle or retrieve the debris directly. Instead, please contact your local authorities or the SpaceX Debris Hotline at 1-866-623-0234 or at recovery@spacex.com
According to SpaceX, the booster and ship for Starship’s eighth flight test “are built and going through prelaunch testing and preparing to fly as we continue a rapid iterative development process to build a fully and rapidly reusable space transportation system.”
For launch replay, go to:
https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-7
Image credit: NASA
Earth’s Moon has been selected as a site to preserve artifacts from robotic and human exploration, such as the Apollo 11 lunar landing site within the Sea of Tranquility – home of the first off-Earth footprints by humans planted there in 1969.
The World Monuments Fund announced today 25 new sites on their 2025 World Monuments Watch. The locations represent 29 countries across five continents…and now the Moon.
International agreements
The addition of the Moon on the 2025 Watch is a step that advocates for international agreements and protection of lunar heritage sites.
NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has used its high-powered camera system to provide looks at the Apollo 11 landing site. The remnants of Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin’s historic first steps on the surface are seen as dark paths around the Lunar Module (LM), Lunar Ranging RetroReflector (LRRR) and Passive Seismic Experiment Package (PSEP), as well as leading to and from Little West crater.
Image credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University
Indeed, the achievement by Apollo moonwalkers acknowledges the movement of our ancestors out of Africa more than 300,000 years ago and into the solar system.
For details on the declaration by the World Monuments Fund, go to my new Space.com story — “Moon selected as historical preservation site to protect lunar heritage” – at:
Image credit: CCTV/Inside Outer Space screengrab
China’s Shenzhou-19 crew — Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze – have been carrying out an array of space station assignments, including an in-orbit test for a pipe inspection robot.
The three-person crew was rocketed to the country’s space station on October 30 for a six-month mission.
As reported by China Central Television (CCTV), the astronauts placed the robot in a simulated pipe, powered it up, and initiated the inspection task. Upon completion, the robot returned to the entrance of the pipe for retrieval by the astronauts.
Image credit: CCTV/Inside Outer Space screengrab
CCTV adds that this experiment is designed for automatic pipeline inspection at the space station.
Brainwave music
The Shenzhou-19 trio also employed EEG equipment and software for various tests, including studying the relationship between brainwave music intervention and long-term spaceflight.
Image credit: CCTV/Inside Outer Space screengrab
In studying bone and muscle, the crew used different equipment to gather data on plantar pressure, joint kinematics, and motion images from running and resistance exercises under different loads, mapping the relationships between motion parameters and plantar pressure,” CCTV notes.
Additionally, motion trackers and heart rate monitors are in use by the crew, furthering studies focused on the impact of the space environment on human body.
Emergency drill
The crew and ground researchers last week conducted a system-wide pressure emergency drill, simulating the entire response process for an internal pressure loss in the space station. That drill gauged emergency response skills and enhanced space-to-ground coordination, CCTV reports.
For an inside look at China’s station crew and work underway, go to:
https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1BZdxgjga4/
Image credit: CMSA
Artist concept highlighting the novel approach proposed by the 2025 NIAC awarded selection of Lunar Glass Structure (LUNGS): Enabling Construction of Monolithic Habitats in Low-Gravity Environmentlithic Habitats in Low-Gravity Environment. Image credit:
Martin Bermudez/Skyeports LLC/NASA
Want to build glasshouses on the Moon?
Consider this idea: a large-scale, monolithic lunar glass habitat in a low-gravity environment. This approach involves on-the-spot melting of lunar glass compounds to fabricate a large spherical shell structure.
The concept is considered a “significant departure” from current habitat construction methods.
This novel approach is just one of NASA’s just announced selections of 15 visionary ideas for the space agency’s NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program.
Chosen from companies and institutions across the United States, the 2025 Phase I awardees represent a sweeping range of aerospace concepts.
Image credit: NIAC/NASA
Explains Clayton Turner, associate administrator for NASA’s Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) in Washington, D.C.: “From developing small robots that could swim through the oceans of other worlds to growing space habitats from fungi, this program continues to change the possible.”
Visionary ideas
And the awardees are:
1)
Phillip Ansell, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
Hydrogen Hybrid Power for Aviation Sustainable Systems (Hy2PASS)
2)
Ryan Benson, ThinkOrbital Inc., Boulder, Colorado
Construction Assembly Destination
3)
Martin Bermudez, Skyeports LLC, Sacramento, California
Lunar Glass Structure (LUNGS): Enabling Construction of Monolithic Habitats in Low-Gravity Environment
4)
Christine Gregg, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
Dynamically Stable Large Space Structures via Architected Metamaterials
5)
Gyulaz Greschik, Tentguild Engineering Company, Boulder, Colorado
The Ribbon: Structure Free Sail for Solar Polar Observation
Artist concept of Exploring Venus with Electrolysis (EVE)
Image credit: Michael Hecht/NASA
6)
Michael Hecht, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Exploring Venus with Electrolysis (EVE)
7)
Robert Hinshaw, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
MitoMars: Targeted Mitochondria Replacement Therapy to Boost Deep Space Endurance
8)
Ben Hockman, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California
TOBIAS: Tethered Observatory for Balloon-based Imaging and Atmospheric Sampling
Artist concept highlighting Inflatable Starshade for Earthlike Exoplanets concept. Image credit: John Mather/NASA
9)
John Mather, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Inflatable Starshade for Earthlike Exoplanets
10)
Marco Quadrelli, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California
PULSAR: Planetary pULSe-tAkeR
11)
Selim Shahriar, Northwestern University, Evanston, Evanston, Illinois
SUPREME-QG: Space-borne Ultra-Precise Measurement of the Equivalence Principle Signature of Quantum Gravity
12)
Saurabh Vilekar, Precision Combustion, North Haven, Connecticut
Thermo-Photo-Catalysis of Water for Crewed Mars Transit Spacecraft Oxygen Supply Precision Combustion
13)
Kimberly Weaver, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland
Beholding Black Hole Power with the Accretion Explorer Interferometer
14)
Ryan Weed,m Helicity Space LLC, Pasadena, California
Fusion-Enabled Comprehensive Exploration of the Heliosphere
Artist concept of LEAP – Legged Exploration Across the Plume.
Image credit: Justin Yim/NASA
15)
Justin Yim, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
LEAP – Legged Exploration Across the Plume
Bring concepts to life
These Phase 1 grants to the NIAC researchers, known as fellows, “will investigate the fundamental premise of their concepts, identify potential challenges, and look for opportunities to bring these concepts to life,” explains NIAC in a NASA statement.
For more information on these NIAC Phase 1 awards, go to:
https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-2025-innovative-technology-concept-studies/
Glad to be on the January 10th episode of This Week In Space podcast: Episode 143 — King Starship – Will 2025 be SpaceX’s Game-Changing Year?
This episode comes fully-equipped with details on the upcoming flight of the SpaceX Starship on its 7th test flight…and what next? I join made-in-space colleagues, Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik as we look into the space crystal ball.
Go to:
Image Credit: Sierra Space
This year, the Sierra Space Dream Chaser spaceplane is to make its way to the International Space Station.
A multiple-hour simulation on December 5 matched up both Sierra Space and NASA Johnson Space Center controllers to ring out procedures, even simulating a number of flight controller problems.
In addition to thousands of hours of cumulative classroom and self-study training across the team, simulations provide “a unique laboratory” for bringing everything together to demonstrate the Sierra Space team’s knowledge, as well as test flight controller skills.
All hands and eyes on deck! Simulation of Dream Chaser approaching the International Space Station on Dec. 5, 2024. Image credit: Barbara David
Go to my new Space.com story — How NASA and Sierra Space are preparing for Dream Chaser space plane’s 1st flight to ISS – “This is the world’s greatest video game except, in the end, it is very real.”
Image credit: CCTV/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Research work on building China’s Chang’e-7 lunar exploration mission includes sending a flag that can flutter in the Moon’s thin and tenuous atmosphere.
“We know that the Moon is vacuum with no air, so it is difficult to make a flag flutter by wind like on Earth,” said Zhang Tianzhu, deputy head of the institute of future technology at the Deep Space Exploration Laboratory.
That lab was co-established by the China National Space Administration and the University of Science and Technology of China and began operations in June 2022. It is headquartered in Hefei, the capital city of Anhui, and has a branch in Beijing.
Zhang Tianzhu.
Image credit: CCTV/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Fluttering solution
Zhang said the flag fluttering solution is based on arranging closed loop wires on the surface of the flag with access to two-way positive and negative currents, “and make the flag flutter through the interaction of electromagnetic fields.”
China plans to launch its Chang’e-7 lunar lander to find traces of water and ice at the Moon’s south pole around 2026. If successful, the deployed flag will be the first to flutter on the lunar surface.
Image credit: NASA
Image credit: CCTV/CNSA/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Sustainable and scalable
“Now, in order to complete the development of our popular science test payload in February, we are motivated and divided into different groups to advance this task,” Zhang told China Central Television (CCTV).
Work is also proceeding on the following Chang’e-8 lunar lander mission and the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS).
“Our goal is to establish a sustainable and scalable comprehensive scientific experimental facility on the lunar surface and in lunar orbit, capable of long-term autonomous operation and short-term human participation, and to basically build an International Lunar Research Station by around 2035,” said Zhang.
Artist’s view of International Lunar Research Station . Credit: CNSA
Image credit: Blue Origin
“It’s time to fly,” said Jarrett Jones, SVP, for the Blue Origin New Glenn rocket program.
New Glenn’s first liftoff is now targeted for no earlier than January 10.
The booster’s inaugural mission (NG-1) will lift off from Launch Complex 36 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. The three-hour launch window opens at 1 a.m. Eastern Time, and is the vehicle’s first National Security Space Launch certification flight.
Image credit: Blue Origin
The payload is the Blue Ring Pathfinder that will evaluate Blue Ring’s core flight, ground systems, and operational capabilities as part of the Defense Innovation Unit’s (DIU) Orbital Logistics prototype effort.
“Our key objective is to reach orbit safely,” Blue Origin notes in a company statement. “We know landing the booster on our first try offshore in the Atlantic is ambitious—but we’re going for it.”
“This is our first flight and we’ve prepared rigorously for it,” said Jones. No amount of ground testing or mission simulations can replace flying this rocket, he said.
Jones added: “No matter what happens, we’ll learn, refine, and apply that knowledge to our next launch.”
Pre-;liftoff engine test.
Image credit: Blue Origin
