Archive for August, 2024
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August 7th, 2024
Image credit: Lockheed Martin/Inside Outer Space screengrab
A water-based, nuclear-enabled and commercially-invested vision of future operations on the Moon.
Lockheed Martin, a big league aerospace industry firm, has issued a visionary look at the building blocks of lunar infrastructure.
“By 2044, the Moon buzzes with international research and commercial infrastructure, transforming its barren surface into a livable ecosystem,” according to Lockheed Martin.
Image credit: Lockheed Martin
Take a tour
A water-based lunar architecture on the Moon is spotlighted in video and text, a futuristic tour of the lunar south pole to see the infrastructure needed to maintain a permanent presence on the Moon.
Highlights of that tour include:
Transportation: technology like the Orion spacecraft to transport humans to and from the Moon.
Mobility: vehicles to explore the Moon’s surface.
Power: a grid providing continuous power regardless of the Sun’s position.
Habitation: reliable, lightweight and spacious shelters made of inflatable softgoods technology.
Space Resources: water ice harvesting and regolith mining to support life on the Moon.
Joint Emergent Technology Supplying On-Orbit Nuclear (JETSON) High Power program.
Image credit: Lockheed Martin/AFRL
Sustainable, cost-effective
“This infrastructure is vital for lunar sustainability and as a launchpad for Mars missions,” notes overview material.
“Utilizing lunar resources reduces dependency on Earth, making space exploration more sustainable and cost-effective, which is fundamental for long-term missions and interplanetary travel.”
Moon-based Electromagnetic Launcher.
Image credit: Lockheed Martin/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Go to Lockheed Martin’s Water-Based Lunar Architechture at:
Download the Novella White Paper at:
Posted in 
Wait a Minute!
Image credit: Barbara David
On Mars, it’s a wait-a-minute conundrum.
Question: Has life been found on Mars?
The answer: Well, maybe…maybe not.
Clear as mud.
NASA’s Perseverance rover is busily scouting about Jezero Crater on the Red Planet. Indeed, the Mars machinery is doing its assigned job with a key objective that’s fine-tuned for astrobiology, including caching samples that may contain signs of ancient microbial life.
Ken Farley, project scientist for NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover mission.
Image credit: Caltech/Inside Outer Space screengrab
New discovery
On July 25, Ken Farley, project scientist for NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover mission, shared information about a new discovery that is now tagged as “the most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance.”
Farley spoke to a full auditorium of Mars researchers during the 10th International Conference on Mars at Caltech in Pasadena, California.
“So I call this rock ‘the unknown,’ but also tagged the find as “potentially very important.”
Under Sapphire Canyon skies
The rock outcrop is called Cheyava Falls. Perseverance drilled a core from Cheyava Falls, the rover’s 22nd rock sample on July 21, as the robot probed the northern edge of Neretva Vallis, an ancient river valley.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Inside Outer Space screengrab
Perseverance obtained a full-length, 6.2 centimeters long core of the rock, filling an onboard sampling tube. The sample is called Sapphire Canyon.
Farley said that sample is a potential biosignature, carefully defining that term: “A potential biosignature is a substance or structure that might have a biological origin, but requires more data or further study before reaching a conclusion.”
Image credit: Caltech/Inside Outer Space screengrab
The Sapphire Canyon sample has a collection of features, possibly several potential biosignatures.
“So I think it is safe to say,” Farley told the attendees, “this rock constitutes a rock that has potential biosignatures in it,” and a sample that “is the strongest case that we have for why sample return should go forward.”
Rethinking underway
That going forward is now stuck in neutral.
The currently being rethought Mars Sample Return effort, due to cost, complexity, and timeliness, is a joint campaign being blueprinted by NASA and the European Space Agency.
Independent reviews had price-tagged that initiative at a whopping $10 billion, perhaps more. No easy undertaking, rocketing specimens of Mars to Earth is an endeavor that entails multiple missions and components.
Mars sample return to Earth – a major undertaking by NASA, the European Space Agency.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
But it’s also a project mantra resolute in bringing Mars rock, loose surface material, and gas samples to Earth for detailed laboratory analysis and study.
By using an array of techniques, those specimens on inspection could, quite literally, de-muddy the question of whether or not the Red Planet was an extraterrestrial address for life…or possibly a comfy home for life today.
To view Ken Farley’s intriguing, fact-filled presentation, along with audience reactions, go to:
Image credit: ESA
Pressure is mounting.
Flight controllers are putting the squeeze on to ring out science from a spacecraft called Juice – the Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer.
Later this month, that probe will zip by the Moon and pass within the altitude of satellites in geostationary and medium-Earth orbits.
For a select set of viewers with powerful binoculars or telescopes here on Earth, Juice should be observable as the spacecraft passes overhead, flying directly over Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
Image credit: ESA
Double dipping, trajectory bending
The outward going Juice mission to Jupiter is making a lunar-Earth flyby – the first ever double gravity assist by a spacecraft.
Juice was launched by the European Space Agency in April 2023, slated to arrive at Jupiter in July 2031. But to get to its destination, double dipping, trajectory bending maneuvers are set to take place on August 19 and 20.
Juice’s trajectory through space and time will redirect it on a course for a flyby of Venus in August 2025, then onto its Jupiter arrival some six years later.
Test environment
ESA’s ground controllers have already adjusted Juice’s path to ensure that it arrives first at the Moon, then a day later at Earth.
Image credit: ESA
Image credit: ESA
As Juice passes by the Moon and Earth, ESA will be activating the spacecraft’s ten science instruments.
The Moon-Earth flyby provides a “prime test environment” for instrument teams to collect and analyze data from an actual surface in space for the first time. It will give scientists and engineers the chance to calibrate instruments, smooth out any remaining issues, “and who knows, they may even make some surprising scientific discoveries,” an ESA statement suggests.
Static on the line: RIME and reason
One Juice payload, the Radar for Icy Moon Exploration (RIME) instrument, is already known to be disturbed by some electronic noise within the spacecraft. During the closest approach to the Moon, RIME will observe alone, as the other instruments are to be either switched off or set to quiet mode.
Based on the RIME output, that instrument team can work on an algorithm to correct the noise problem.
Juice is an ESA-led mission to the Jupiter system to make detailed observations of gas giant Jupiter and its three large ocean-bearing moons – Ganymede, Callisto and Europa.
Image credit: ESA
RIME has been a trouble-maker post-launch. Weeks of work were needed to successfully deploy the experiment’s folded-up antenna – an over 50-foot (16-meter)-long boom.
Meanwhile, Juice’s two onboard monitoring cameras will be snaring photos throughout the lunar-Earth flyby, promising to supply eye-catching imagery.
To keep your eye on the whereabouts of Juice, go to:
Headed to a Sphere near you.
Image credit: Sphere Entertainment
One of over 20 payloads ready to set sail to the International Space Station (ISS) is an ultra-high-resolution, single-sensor camera.
“Big Sky” is developed by Sphere Entertainment. The captured content is an initiative of the group that is providing next-generation entertainment in Las Vegas, Nevada. The first Sphere venue opened in Las Vegas in September 2023.
A first phase of the effort launched in November 2022. It was a commercial off-the-shelf camera that collected baseline information while astronauts tested the camera’s use in space.
Image credit: Sphere Entertainment
Ultra-sharp
The upcoming second phase will see Big Sky capture content for Sphere, tested inside the ISS.
This Big Sky payload features the world’s largest image sensor and ultra-sharp cinematic lenses, promising to capture detailed, large-format images. The upcoming flight of the hardware is to help validate camera functioning, its operation in space, and also verify a video downlink of Big Sky output.
Sphere Entertainment and their Las Vegas complex has already been home where foremost artists, creators, and technologists create experiences to take storytelling and viewing audiences to places both real and imagined.
The Sphere Entertainment payload is onboard Northrop Grumman’s 21st Commercial Resupply Services (NG-21) mission, slated for liftoff no earlier than Saturday, August 3.
Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus space freighter is pictured attached to the Canadarm2 robotic arm ahead of its release from the ISS on July 12, 2024.
Image credit: NASA
Illustration of Haven-1 space station and docked SpaceX Dragon.
Image credit: Vast
The emergence of private space facilities circling Earth has been boosted by the promise of a just-announced commercial microgravity research and development platform.
This week, Vast announced a partnership with U.S. payload provider Redwire and Yuri, a biotech research group headquartered in Germany.
The Haven-1 lab/platform is projected for launch no earlier than the second half of 2025.
According to Vast, the Haven-1 is slated to be a hub for companies, governments, and other entities to collaborate on science, research, and in-space manufacturing.
NASA contributions
Last year, Vast of Long Beach, California was awarded an unfunded NASA Space Act Agreement under the second Collaborations for Commercial Space Capabilities (CCSC-2) initiative.
Image credit: Vast
These agreements are crafted to advance commercial space-related efforts through NASA contributions of technical expertise, assessments, lessons learned, technologies, and data. The space agency’s CCSC initiative is dedicated to helping create a robust low Earth orbit economy.
Meanwhile, the space agency is also dealing with an aging International Space Station, headed for “retirement” in 2030 followed by a destructive de-orbiting decision to plow the ISS into ocean waters.
Redwire’s Advanced Space Experiment Processor 4 can host up to four sample processing cassettes (PIL-BOXs) for stem cell, bacteria research, in addition to pharmaceutical output.
Image credit: Redwire
Products and samples
The Haven-1 Lab is to be outfitted with payloads operated by astronaut crews on the orbiting complex. Partners using the Haven-1 can return products and samples from space via a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft.
Redwire, based in Jacksonville, Florida, owns nine payloads and facilities currently installed on the ISS including the firm’s BioFabrication Facility, which successfully printed the first ever human meniscus and first live human heart tissue in space.
Also, Redwire developed a Pharmaceutical In-space Laboratory – the Bio-crystal Optimization Xperiments (PIL-BOX) — which has flown three flight missions to and from the ISS, showcasing the prospect of how microgravity can lead to innovations in drug development.
Vast’s other payload partner, Yuri, is keen on leveraging microgravity for biotech products, cures, and medical solutions. By utilizing Yuri’s on-orbit version of ScienceTaxi, the potential for low Earth orbit commercial biotech can be advanced, such as advanced space microscopy.
Yuri’s on-orbit version of ScienceTaxi, to carry out biotech research in microgravity.
Image credit: Yuri
Institutional knowledge
“The ISS may be on its way to be retired in 2030, but the institutional knowledge deserves a new platform for future microgravity research and manufacturing innovation,” said Vast CEO, Max Haot in a company statement.
“Our Haven-1 Lab is designed to provide that bridge well before the eventual retirement of ISS. This ensures that as we begin a new era of commercial space stations we can continue and expand upon vital international and commercial science and research in low Earth orbit (LEO),” Haot stated.
Sprawling but aging International Space Station.
Image credit: NASA
Now is the time
Yuri’s co-founder and CEO, Maria Birlem, stated that “now is the time” to showcase market-driven commercial collaboration in low Earth orbit. “Haven-1 is set to be the first Post-ISS scenario, and the entire world stands to benefit, Birlem said.
Mike Gold, Redwire’s Chief Growth Officer, also highlighted the Vast’s Haven-1 Lab partnership, to create “a new and dynamic economy in low Earth orbit.”
“Haven-1 is the first private sector platform that Redwire hardware will launch with,” Gold added, “extending the legacy of the ISS into a new era of commercial platforms.”
For an update on the promise of private space facilities, go to my recent Space.com story – “After ISS: The private space station era is dawning” – at:
https://www.space.com/private-space-stations-commercializing-low-earth-orbit
Sprawling but aging International Space Station.
Image credit: NASA
There are continual, creaky reminders that the International Space Station is showing its age.
Hissy-fit pressure leaks in the Russian segment. Loss of attitude control on two separate occasions in 2021. Toss in close encounters of the space debris kind having the huge, human-occupied facility performing duck and dodge maneuvers.
Orbital Reef complex.
Image credit: Blue Origin
Transition
To remain safe and sound for human occupants, the massive structure requires continuous maintenance, a flow of replacement parts, and upgrades to many of the station’s systems.
In 2021, NASA inked a trio of funded Commercial Low Earth Orbit Destinations, or CLD agreements. They are intended to support work on commercial space stations, outposts that can “transition” NASA from the ISS by decade’s end.
Go to my new Space.com story — After ISS: The private space station era is dawning – at:
https://www.space.com/private-space-stations-commercializing-low-earth-orbit
